Yamai no Soshi (Diseases and Deformities)

This illustrated handscroll is a collection of various unusual diseases and deformities. The work was copied in the Kansei Era (1789-1801) of the Edo Period by the Nagoya poet Odate Takakado.This copy was a single handscroll composed of fifteen scenes, nine of which are currently owned by the Japanese national government. The other sections were separated at an earlier date and remain in private collections. Four other scenes that were not included in the Kansei Era copy have surfaced in recent years . From the painting styles and subjects, these four are considered to have been sections of the original handscroll, which were separated from the others before the Edo copy was made.The scenes feature relaxed, carefree brushstrokes supplemented with light colors. People with various illnesses form the central subjects, but the settings in which they are depicted give the work the appeal of a genre-painting. The depiction of human figures is similar to that of the Kyoto National Museum's Gaki Zoshi (Stories of Hungry Ghosts) and the various versions of Shamon Jigoku Zoshi (Stories of Hell for Buddhist Priests). For these reasons, some consider this work to fall under the category of rokudo-e (painting of the Six Realms), expressing the miseries of the human realm of existence.

Unlike the Jigoku Zoshi (Handscrolls of Buddhist Hell), however, Yamai Zoshi (Diseases and Deformities) does not emphasize the concept of leaving the world behind. Instead, this scroll seems to derive its appeal more from narrative depictions.The scene entitled Heatstroke depicts a woman beset with repeated diarrhea and vomiting. This suffering figure is humorously contrasted by the woman sitting indoors, casually grinding with a mortar and pestle. This scene also provides an valuable insight into daily village life. Hermaphrodite depicts a person with both male and female attributes in the same body. The scene is set in the home of a fortune teller, showing us what a home of the day looked like. Man with Loose Teeth depicts a man with pyorrhea stopping mid-meal because his teeth are bothering him. Eye Disease shows a man who has temporarily lost his vision. He is receiving acupuncture treatment from a man calling himself a doctor and ends up loosing his vision all together.

— Museum description: Kyoto National Museum (CC BY 4.0), via ColBase / Japan Search.