Imperial Decree Granting Enchin a High Rank and Posthumous Name

This document sheds light on the accomplishments of Enchin (815–891), one of Japan’s most renowned Buddhist monks. After studying Buddhism in China, Enchin returned to Japan and restored the historic temple Onjōji to its former glory. Thirty-six years after his death, he was awarded a prestigious rank and posthumous name by the emperor — events that are recorded in this document. The document is also an important work of calligraphy. It was likely written by Ono no Tōfū (894–966), who is celebrated as the pioneer of Japanese-style calligraphy. He wrote in Chinese, the language of official documents at the time. However, his script is unique, with characters that are strong, supple, and harmoniously well-balanced.

— Museum description: Tokyo National Museum (CC BY 4.0), via ColBase / Japan Search.